1. |
Pauwels RA,Buist AS,Ma P,et al;GOLD Scientific Committee. Global strategy for the diagnosis,management,and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute and World Health Organization Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD):executive summary.Respir Care,2001,46:798-825.
|
2. |
Fang X,Wang X,Bai C. COPD in China:the burden and importance of proper management. Chest,2011,139:920-929.
|
3. |
曾雪峰,王晓霞,包勇,等. 成都市社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行病学调查.中国呼吸与危重监护杂志,2011,10:30-32.
|
4. |
中华医学会呼吸病学分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病学组.慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南(2007修订版).中华结核和呼吸杂志,2007,30:8-17.
|
5. |
GOLD Science Committee. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(updated 2013). http://www.goldcopd.org.
|
6. |
Woodhead M,Blasi F,Ewig S,et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections-summary.Clin Microbiol Infect,2011,Suppl 6:1-24.
|
7. |
Blasi F,Ewig S,Torres A,et al. A review of guidelines for antibacterial use in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2006,19:361-369.
|
8. |
Sethi S. Infectious etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.Chest,2000,117:380S-385S.
|
9. |
Sapey E,Stockley RA. COPD exacerbations. 2:aetiology.Thorax,2006,61:250-258.
|
10. |
Kherad O,Kaiser L,Bridevaux PO,et al. Upper-respiratory viral infection,biomarkers,and COPD exacerbations.Chest,2010,138:896-904.
|
11. |
Daniels JM,Schoorl M,Snijders D,et al. Procalcitonin vs C-reactive protein as predictive markers of response to antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest,2010,138:1108-1115.
|
12. |
Miravitlles M,Kruesmann F,Haverstock D,et al. Sputum colour and bacteria in chronic bronchitis exacerbations:a pooled analysis.Eur Respir J,2012,39:1354-1360.
|
13. |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重诊治专家组. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重诊治中国专家共识(草案).中国呼吸与危重监护杂志,2013,12:541-551.
|
14. |
Mallia P,Footitt J,Sotero R,et al. Rhinovirus infection induces degradation of antimicrobial peptides and secondary bacterial infection in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2012,186:1117-1124.
|
15. |
Rosell A,Monsó E,Soler N,et al .Microbiologic determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Arch Intern Med,2005,165:891-897.
|
16. |
Sethi S,Murphy TF. Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.N Engl J Med,2008,359:2355-2365.
|
17. |
Sethi S,Evans N,Grant BJ,et al. New strains of bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.N Engl J Med,2002,347:465-471.
|
18. |
Chen JI,Slater LN,Kurdgelashvili G,et al. Outcomes of health care-associated pneumonia empirically treated with guideline-concordantregimens versus community-acquired pneumonia guideline-concordant regimens for patientsadmitted to acute care wards from home.Ann Pharmacother,2013,47:9-19.
|
19. |
Martinez FJ,Han MK,Flaherty K,et al. Role of infection and antimicrobial therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease.Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther,2006,4:101-124.
|
20. |
Li XJ,Li Q,Si LY,et al. Bacteriological differences between COPD exacerbation and community-acquired pneumonia.Respir Care,2011,56:1818-1824.
|